Table 2 Summary of MRI changes stratified by sex
From: Brain iron accumulation in neurodegenerative disorders: Does air pollution play a role?
Male | Female | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Structure | Air vs Fe | Structure | Air vs Fe |
Diffusion tensor imaging changes | |||
 + Olfactory Bulb | Mean: − 5.3% |  + Olfactory Bulb | Mean: 5.0% |
|  | Radial: − 4.9% |  | Radial: 4.8% |
|  | Axial: − 5.9% |  | Axial: 5.3% |
Olfactory areas | Mean: − 4.2% | Anterior olfactory nucleus | Axial: 5.4% |
| Â | Axial: -4.8% | Â | Â |
Hippocampal commissures | Radial: − 4.4% |  |  |
Fractional anisotropy changes | |||
 + Posterior amygdalar nucleus |  − 11.3% |  |  |
Hypoglossal nucleus |  − 10.7% |  |  |
Pretectal region |  − 10.3% |  |  |
Medial preoptic nucleus | 8.9% | Â | Â |
Nucleus accumbens | 7.9% | Â | Â |
Basomedial amygdalar nucleus |  − 7.0% |  |  |
Subicular region |  − 6.6% |  |  |
Cortical amygdalar Zones |  − 6.4% |  |  |
Fimbria |  − 6.1% |  |  |
Cranial nerves |  − 5.6% |  |  |
Trigeminal nerve |  − 5.4% |  |  |
Striatum ventral region | 4.1% | Â | Â |
CA1 |  − 2.4% |  |  |
Volumetric changes | |||
Substantia Nigra Compact part | 8.0% |  + Medial geniculate complex, ventral part |  − 6.2% |
Trigeminal nerve | − 6.0% | Vestibulocerebellar Nucleus | 5.5% |
Midline group of the dorsal thalamus | 5.2% | Lateral amygdalar nucleus |  − 3.6% |
Optic tract and Chiasm |  − 4.7% | Medulla sensory related | 2.4% |
Posterior complex of the thalamus | 4.1% | Â | Â |
Spinal vestibular nucleus | 3.6% | Â | Â |
 + Geniculate group, dorsal thalamus | 3.5% |  |  |
Epithalamus |  − 3.0% |  |  |
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis |  − 2.1% |  |  |